On the surface, license resell revenue may seem enticing for IT services firms. Compared to lumpy, unpredictable project-based revenue, license resell can be a reliable source of cash with minimal cost and great margins. But this golden goose also comes with some long-term risks.
In this post, we review how firms should think about resell revenue as part of their overall business mix – when it could make sense, how to manage the risks, and how investors view this kind of revenue.
What are resell revenues and how do IT services firms earn them?
Simply put, license resell revenue is income that an IT services firm generates by selling an independent software vendor’s (ISV’s) products directly to an end user. Many ISVs have lucrative resell programs that encourage partners to sell their software as a way to expand market reach, and to leverage their partners’ established customer relationships and local expertise to drive revenue.
Many ISVs have lucrative resell programs that encourage partners to sell their software as a way to expand market reach, and to leverage their partners’ established customer relationships and local expertise to drive revenue.
Generally, partners earn a commission by collecting the difference between the software retail price that clients pay and the wholesale price charged by the ISV. Commission rates vary, but tend to range between 7% to 12% on the recurring fees that clients pay. If licenses allow unlimited usage, revenues may be fixed. If contracts are “pay as you go” or based on the client’s actual usage, revenues are typically variable.
ISVs will often tier their commission structure, with higher rates for partners that bring in greater sales volumes and have stronger relationships.
Most services firms will still charge a client a project fee for customization, implementation or ongoing support. Typically on a time and materials basis, although we are starting to see a shift to retainer or value-based pricing.
Why do ISVs incentivize IT services firms
ISVs tend to offer resell deals when they’re trying to quickly grow a new service. Resell commissions reward partners for upselling the ISV’s software to clients. When the ISV charges a pay-as-you-go fee based on usage (as is the case in some cloud contracts), the commissions motivate the partner to promote increased usage of the software.
The relationship is symbiotic. Services firms act as a sales channel for the ISV, and by providing recurring revenue, the ISV builds an ecosystem of partners interested in ensuring that clients are satisfied with the ISV’s product. Often the services firm acts as the first layer of support if issues arise with the software, saving the ISV from the expense of building its own captive support network.
More mature platforms do not offer resell commissions, or have limited commissions, because they’ve already established a large enough ecosystem and user base that it’s not required.
What are the benefits of reselling for IT services firms?
Resell commissions can be a predictable and attractive source of revenue in a business where fixed costs are high and revenues fluctuate significantly. In contrast to implementation work, which may yield strong revenues for a few months to a year while employees are busy, resell revenues arrive when clients pay recurring fees, usually monthly, quarterly or annually. As long as the client uses the software and the ISV continues its incentive program, the services firm earns revenue, which can be a critical source of cash to cover fixed costs, such as salaries, in lean times.
Resell commissions can be a predictable and attractive source of revenue in a business where fixed costs are high and revenues fluctuate significantly.
Additionally, the margin on resell revenues is very high. Consider a software contract with a retail cost of $10 million annually, with a 10% wholesale discount (the resell commission). The IT services firm collects the $10 million and remits $9 million to the ISV. Once the contract is signed, there is virtually no cost to the services firm, so the margin on the $1 million it retains easily exceeds 90%. In contrast, the margin for project-based IT services tends to range from 35% to 50%.
By partnering with an ISV that is aggressively building an ecosystem for a promising new product, a services firm can grow quickly through resale revenue. But as we’ll discuss, the window of opportunity is limited and firms shouldn’t overlook the risks that come with a dependence on this type of revenue.
What are the risks?
The lure of resell revenue is real, but more seasoned leaders and services investors know there are some significant risks that come with this reward. Here are a few that you should consider before building a business based primarily on resell revenues.
Any services firm that relies heavily on resell revenues should always assume that their economics will get worse, not better.
Revenue risk: Any services firm that relies heavily on resell revenues should always assume that their economics will get worse, not better. The ISV is free to reduce its commissions, and is likely to phase them out as its ecosystem grows, as it becomes dominant in the market, or as it comes under pressure from shareholders to boost profits.
ISVs don’t normally eliminate resell incentives abruptly, but belt tightening can still cause financial pain. For instance, an ISV that initially offered a 10% annual commission could decide to change the rate for existing clients to 7%. That would mean a whopping resell revenue cut of 30%. Services firms need to build this eventuality into their long-term revenue models. The art is anticipating when the resell revenues will dry up.
Ecosystem risk: Some ecosystems are so competitive that services firms will install or customize software at a hefty discount or for free in order to collect resell commissions. In these ecosystems, it can be tough for competitors to make a profit by billing for their professional services. Additionally, when an ISV reduces its incentives, firms that have been giving away their professional services will face an uphill battle in attempting to charge clients rates sufficient to offset the lost resell revenues. Many firms built on this free money may not have the culture, relationships or skills to survive the transition.
Credit risk: Firms should be aware that they generally assume credit risk for clients. As an intermediary, the firm owes recurring fees to the ISV for its clients’ software use. If clients fail to pay or pay late, some ISVs may work with the firm to find an acceptable financial arrangement. Others may not. Given that software fees may be very high, a delinquent or insolvent client could pose a major risk to a firm. To manage this credit risk, it’s important to handle the money owed to the ISV carefully. If a $10 million retail payment arrives at your firm and you still have two weeks before you need to remit the wholesale amount, it can be tempting, but risky, to use the funds to supplement your cash flow.
Contractual risk: In addition to credit risk, the firm may face contractual risks. The contract for the software is generally between the services firm and the client. If there’s a dispute, the services firm may get stuck in the middle, incurring liability or legal fees. That said, it’s advantageous for services firms to have direct contracts with their clients rather than having an indirect contract through an ISV. The former gives them more control, and they are far more attractive to strategic buyers.
How do investors feel about resell revenues?
Some investors may be cautious of a firm that relies heavily on resell revenues for the reasons mentioned above. Because the ISV is in control of resell commissions, there’s very little room for negotiating and there’s not much a services firm can do if an ISV changes its incentive model. This can be particularly dangerous if the firm’s revenue sources aren’t well diversified.
There’s not much a services firm can do if an ISV changes its incentive model. This can be particularly dangerous if the firm’s revenue sources aren’t well diversified.
Investors and buyers may also worry that the firm doesn’t have a competitive moat. If the firm is seen as a lower-value intermediary between the ISV and client, rather than a partner that differentiates itself based on its experience and value add to clients, it can hurt valuations.
All this said, investors and buyers do like the predictability that comes with revenue resell – especially if the business has a lot of debt on their books with covenants that require predictable cash flow.
If the firm is ultimately looking for an investment or a potential acquisition, it’s important to consider how to balance resell and other revenue. The guidance we give is that resell should be a sweetener to the business, not its sole purpose. Timing is also important, as there’s an ideal window for reaping this revenue and the margin accretion that comes with it. But having a sense for when those incentives might start to decline, is critical.
Avoiding the Trojan Horse trap
To take advantage of the benefits of resell revenues, while at the same time ensuring it doesn’t become a Trojan Horse that compromises long-term performance, firms should consider these three things:
1. Treat your professional services as a standalone part of the business (excluding resell revenue). A firm can get fat and happy on resell revenue and lose sight of the fact that margins for their services business are slim or declining, hurting value in the long run.
2. Diversify resell revenue sources. The one constant in services is change. Commission programs shift, customer buying preferences evolve. Don’t be so reliant on one source that you can’t adapt with the times.
3. Prepare for the inevitable and invest wisely. As platforms and programs mature, commissions will decline. Factor that into long term plans and invest profits wisely to scale the core business.
Those who rest on their laurels and live under the illusion that resell revenues will flow abundantly forever may be in for a surprise, especially when times get tight.